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The circular flow of income or circular flow is a model of the economy in which the major exchanges are represented as flows of money, goods and services, etc. between economic agents. The flows of money and goods exchanges in a closed circuit and correspond in value, but run in the opposite direction. The circular flow analysis is the basis of national accounts and hence of macroeconomics. The idea of the circular flow was already present in the work of Richard Cantillon.〔Antoin E. Murphy. "John Law and Richard Cantillon on the circular flow of income." ''Journal of the History of Economic Thought.'' 1.1 (1993): 47-62.〕 François Quesnay developed and visualized this concept in the so called Tableau économique.〔Backhouse, Roger E., and Yann Giraud. "Circular flow diagrams." in: ''Famous Figures and Diagrams in Economics'' (2010): 221-230. Chapter 23.〕 Important developments of Quesnay's tableau were Karl Marx' reproduction schemes in the second volume of ''Capital: Critique of Political Economy'', and John Maynard Keynes' ''General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money''. Richard Stone further developed the concept for the United Nations (UN) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to the system, which is now used internationally. == Overview == The circular flow of income is a concept for better understanding of the economy as a whole and for example the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs). In its most basic form it considers a simple economy consisting solely of businesses and individuals, and can be represented in a so called "circular flow diagram." In this simple economy, individuals provide the labor that enables businesses to produce goods and services. These activities are represented by the green lines in the diagram.〔(Measuring the Economy : A Primer on GDP and the National Income and Product Accounts ), by Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), U.S. Department of Commerce, October 2014.〕 Alternatively, one can think of these transactions in terms of the monetary flows that occur. Businesses provide individuals with income (in the form of compensation) in exchange for their labor. That income is, in turn, spent on the goods and services businesses produce. These activities are represented by the blue lines in the diagram above.〔 The circular flow diagram illustrates the interdependence of the “flows,” or activities, that occur in the economy, such as the production of goods and services (or the “output” of the economy) and the income generated from that production. The circular flow also illustrates the equality between the income earned from production and the value of goods and services produced.〔 Of course, the total economy is much more complicated than the illustration above. An economy involves interactions between not only individuals and businesses, but also Federal, state, and local governments and residents of the rest of the world. Also not shown in this simple illustration of the economy are other aspects of economic activity such as investment in capital (produced—or fixed—assets such as structures, equipment, research and development, and software), flows of financial capital (such as stocks, bonds, and bank deposits), and the contributions of these flows to the accumulation of fixed assets.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Circular flow of income」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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